Swapped Lives, Eternal Forms: Visualising Gender Fluidity in the Torikaebaya Monogatari
Torikaebaya Monogatari (literally “If only I could exchange (them)!” often translated as “The Changelings”) is a 12th-century Japanese narrative that tells the story of two siblings: a boy raised as a girl and a girl raised as a boy, each excelling in their adopted roles within the imperial court. The tale delves into themes of gender identity, societal expectations, and personal fulfilment.
While original Heian-period illustrations are scarce (794 to 1185), Edo-period manuscripts and modern artistic interpretations have visualised this story, emphasising the fluidity and performative nature of gender. These artworks often portray the siblings in court attire appropriate to their adopted genders, engaging in activities and rituals that underscore their societal roles. For example, the artist Kubo Shumman (1757–1820) created a colour woodcut titled “Wakaki onokodomo warawabe nado to mari koyumi nado o mote asobitamau” (She played with little boys with balls and small bows), which is part of a portfolio series titled after the story.
The tale’s enduring relevance is evident in its adaptations across various media, including manga and theatre, where artists continue to explore and reinterpret its themes.
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